Artificial intelligence in medical imaging of the liver

Eco-Color Doppler, Intelligenza Artificiale

Authors: Li-Qiang Zhou, Jia-Yu Wang, Song-Yuan Yu, Ge-Ge Wu, Qi Wei, You-Bin Deng, Xing-Long Wu, Xin-Wu Cui, Christoph F. Dietrich

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning algorithms, is gaining extensive attention for its excellent performance in image-recognition tasks. They can automatically make a quantitative assessment of complex medical image characteristics and achieve an increased accuracy for diagnosis with higher efficiency. AI is widely used and getting increasingly popular in the medical imaging of the liver, including radiology, ultrasound, and nuclear medicine. AI can assist physicians to make more accurate and reproductive imaging diagnosis and also reduce the physicians’ workload. This article illustrates basic technical knowledge about AI, including traditional machine learning and deep learning algorithms, especially convolutional neural networks, and their clinical application in the medical imaging of liver diseases, such as detecting and evaluating focal liver lesions, facilitating treatment, and predicting liver treatment response. We conclude that machine-assisted medical services will be a promising solution for future liver medical care. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and future directions of clinical application of deep learning techniques.

Fonte:
World J Gastroenterol. 2019 February 14; 25(6): 672–682
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i6.672
© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved

Artificial Intelligence in Thyroid Field — A Comprehensive Review

Eco-Color Doppler, Intelligenza Artificiale

Authors: Fabiano Bini, Andrada Pica, Laura Azzimonti, Alessandro Giusti, Lorenzo Ruinelli, Franco Marinozzi, Pierpaolo Trimboli

Simple Summary: The incidence of thyroid pathologies has been increasing worldwide. Historically, the detection of thyroid neoplasms relies on medical imaging analysis, depending mainly on the experience of clinicians. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques led to a remarkable progress in image-recognition tasks. AI represents a powerful tool that may facilitate understanding of thyroid pathologies, but actually, the diagnostic accuracy is uncertain. This article aims to provide an overview of the basic aspects, limitations and open issues of the AI methods applied to thyroid images. Medical experts should be familiar with the workflow of AI techniques in order to avoid misleading outcomes.

Fonte:
Cancers (Basel). 2021; 13(19):4740
DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194740
© 2021 by the authors

Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence-Augmented Digital System for Histologic Classification of Colorectal Polyps

Eco-Color Doppler, Intelligenza Artificiale

Authors: Mustafa Nasir-Moin, Arief A. Suriawinata, Bing Ren, Xiaoying Liu, Douglas J. Robertson, Srishti Bagchi, Naofumi Tomita, Jason W. Wei, Todd A. MacKenzie, Judy R. Rees, Saeed Hassanpour

Abstract: Colorectal polyps are common, and their histopathologic classification is used in the planning of follow-up surveillance. Substantial variation has been observed in pathologists’ classification of colorectal polyps, and improved assessment by pathologists may be associated with reduced subsequent underuse and overuse of colonoscopy…

Fonte:
JAMA Network Open. 2021;4(11):e2135271
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.35271
© 2021 Nasir-Moin M. et al.

A Preliminary Investigation on the “Swinging Kidney”: A Sonographic Sign Useful for Diagnosing Renal Colic

Rene, Ecografia Formazione di Base

During acute renal colic due to nephrolithiasis, a new sonographic diagnostic sign was noted, called “a swinging kidney.” This term was given due to a characteristic anteroposterior “rolling” movement of the kidney. A preliminary investigation was conducted to evaluate the correlation between this new diagnostic sign and nephrolithiasis…

Acute Cholecystitis

Intestino / Vie Biliari, Ecografia Formazione di Base

Gallbladder disease affects approximately 20 million people in the US. Acute cholecystitis is diagnosed in approximately 200 000 people in the US each year. Gallstone-associated cystic duct obstruction is responsible for 90% to 95% of the cases of acute cholecystitis. Approximately 5% to 10% of patients with acute cholecystitis have acalculous cholecystitis, defined as acute inflammation of the gallbladder without gallstones, typically in the setting of severe critical illness…

COVID and venous thrombosis: systematic review of literature

4. Vascolare

Introduction: We aimed to review the prevalence, the risk factors and the outcomes of venous thrombosis (VT) in patients hospitalized for COronaVirus Disease 19 (COVID-19).
Evidence Acquisition: Electronic bibliographic databases were searched using the words “COVID venous thrombosis”. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement standards…

Diagnostic Value of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Endoscopic Ultrasound for Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Eco-Color Doppler, Intelligenza Artificiale

Authors: Elena Adriana Dumitrescu, Bogdan Silviu Ungureanu, Irina M. Cazacu, Lucian Mihai Florescu, Liliana Streba, Vlad M. Croitoru, Daniel Sur, Adina Croitoru, Adina Turcu-Stiolica, Cristian Virgil Lungulescu

Abstract: We performed a meta-analysis of published data to investigate the diagnostic value of artificial intelligence for pancreatic cancer. Systematic research was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies up to October 2021. We extracted or calculated the number of true positives, false positives true negatives, and false negatives from the selected publications. In total, 10 studies, featuring 1871 patients, met our inclusion criteria. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. R and RevMan 5.4.1 software were used for calculations and statistical analysis. The studies included in the meta-analysis did not show an overall heterogeneity (I2 = 0%), and no significant differences were found from the subgroup analysis. The pooled diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89-0.95) and 0.9 (95% CI, 0.83-0.94), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.95, and the diagnostic odds ratio was 128.9 (95% CI, 71.2-233.8), indicating very good diagnostic accuracy for the detection of pancreatic cancer. Based on these promising preliminary results and further testing on a larger dataset, artificial intelligence-assisted endoscopic ultrasound could become an important tool for the computer-aided diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Fonte:
Diagnostics (Basel). 2022;12(2):309
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020309
© 2022 by the authors

Basics for performing a high-quality color Doppler sonography of the vascular access

Eco-Color Doppler, Accessi Vascolari

In the last years, the systematic use of ultrasound mapping of the upper limb vascular network before the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) implantation, access maturation, and clinical management of late complications is widespread and expanding. Therefore, a good knowledge of theoretical outlines, instrumentation, and operative settings is undoubtedly required for a thorough examination…

Ultrasound evaluation of access complications: Thrombosis, aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms and infections

Eco-Color Doppler, Accessi Vascolari

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) complications are classified based on fistula outcomes. This review aims to update colour Doppler (CD) and pulse wave Doppler (PWD) roles in managing early and late complications of the native and prosthetic AVF. Vascular access (VA) failure occurs because inflow or outflow stenosis activates Wirchow’s triad inducing thrombosis…

COVID-19 Boosters This Fall to Include Omicron Antigen, but Questions Remain About Its Value

5. Varie

Probably many people who watched or participated in the June 28 virtual US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory committee meeting about updating COVID-19 vaccines could agree on 1 point, made by the agency’s Peter Marks, MD, PhD: “It is science at its hardest.” The FDA convened its Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC) to discuss whether to add an Omicron component to boosters for the fall….